Dynamics of space use and male vigour amongst wood mice,Apodemus sylvaticus,in the cereal ecosystem

The spatial organisation of male and female wood mice,Apodemus sylvaticus, was investigated in a large-scale radio-tracking study on arable farmland near Oxford, United Kingdom, during the breeding season. Both sexes had significantly larger home ranges in the breeding season than at other times, and the breeding season home ranges of male (X = 1.44 ha) were significantly larger than those of females (X = 0.49 ha). Home range overlap was significantly greater between males, and between males and females, than it was between females. Overlap between males tended to be greatest in heavily utilised areas. Except during sexual consortship, there was minimal evidence of dynamic interaction among individuals. Home range sizes of breeding males varied widely, as did their body weights. There was no relationship between male body weight and home range size or any other movement parameter. However, males with the largest home ranges had the highest scores on all other movement parameters, indicating that they expended more energy in movement. These more vigorous males had access to the home ranges of more females than did males with small home ranges.     

海洋细菌B3B产河豚毒素特性的鉴定及其发酵培养基优化

从我国渤海红鳍东方豚(Fugu rubripes)的卵巢中分离到了一株海洋细菌B3B,对其发酵产物进行了分离和精制,通过小鼠试验、高效液相色谱试验及质谱分析,认定其发酵产物中含有河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX).采用均匀设计回归分析及优化系统对其培养基组分做了优化,获得了较理想的发酵培养基,使TTX的产量提高了128.7%.图2表2参21     

沈阳城市CO_2通量的足迹分析

基于涡动法测量的沈阳市CO2通量资料,利用KM模型(Kormann-Meixner method)分析了沈阳市2008年供暖期前后CO2通量足迹及不同区域的贡献.同时,探讨了影响CO2通量的因子,并重点分析了交通和供暖对CO2通量的影响.结果表明,供暖对城市CO2体积分数有显著影响,较非供暖时期平均增加了102.54×10-6,CO2通量平均增加了10.74μmol.m-.2s-1.风向与源区也会显著影响CO2体积分数.CO2通量贡献率受风向、供暖、下垫面类型、交通和人口密集度等因素的影响.供暖期间住宅区的CO2通量贡献率夜晚大于白天,交通区的CO2通量贡献率白天大于夜晚.供暖期间交通区在白天和夜晚的单位面积CO2通量贡献率分别为住宅区的6.0和4.2倍.     

Coking wastewater increases micronucleus frequency in mouse in vivo via oxidative stress

Coking wastewater has caused serious health risk in coal-producing areas of China, however its toxic effects have not been well understood. The genotoxicity induced by coking wastewater on mice in vivo and its possible oxidative mechanisms were investigated via observing the induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of mouse bone marrow, and subsequently determining the antioxidative enzyme activities （superoxide dismutase Cu, Zn-SOD, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and catalase）, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance contents and protein carbonyl levels in brains and livers of mice. Results showed that the tested coking wastewater caused a significant increase of micronucleus frequencies in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, the sample increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels, which was accompanied by changes in antioxidative status. Interestingly, pre-treatment with an antioxidant （vitamin C） led to a statistical reduction in the micronucleus frequency caused by coking wastewater. This implies that coking wastewater induces evident genetic damage in mammalian cells, and exposure to polluted areas might pose a potential genotoxic risk to human beings; in the process, oxidative stress played a crucial role.     

Atrazine and mancozeb induce excitotoxicity and cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse cerebellar cortex

This work aimed to determine the neurotoxicity of atrazine and mancozeb by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) evaluation of neurotransmitters, and morphologically by flow cytometry and ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy of primary cultures of mouse cerebellar cortex. The latter revealed mitochondrial damage, synaptic alterations, and neuroinflammation, while neurochemical results showed augmented release of excitatory neurotransmitters with a consequent increase in excitation/inhibition ratio of atrazine- and mancozeb-treated cultures. This study shows that atrazine and mancozeb exposure may lead to neuronal damage associated with excitotoxicity and cytotoxicity.     

多拷贝表达转鲑鱼降钙素基因酵母的急性、亚急性毒性

口服转鲑鱼降钙素基因酵母为鲑鱼降钙素的应用开辟了一条新的途径.为评价转鲑鱼降钙素基因酵母的安全性,将转基因酵母分别灌胃昆明种小鼠和Wistar大鼠进行急性毒性实验(7 d)、亚急性毒性实验(8周).急性毒性实验结果表明灌喂转基因酵母对小鼠无致死效应(LD50>10 000 mg/kg);亚急性毒性实验中高(2.0 g/kg)、低(0.5 g/kg)剂量组动物的一般状况、体重、主要脏器系数、血液学指标及血液生化指标与各对照组比较,均未见明显差异(P>0.05),组织病理切片检查未发现病理性变化.实验结果说明转鲑鱼降钙素基因酵母不会对实验动物造成不良影响,是安全无毒的.图3表3参16     

Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of electronic waste leachates using animal bioassays

Human exposure to electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing, especially in developing nations. This has potential short and chronic adverse health risks. Information is currently scarce on potential genotoxicity of e-waste leachate. In this study, the potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects of leachates from e-waste dumpsites at two electronic markets in Lagos, Nigeria, were investigated. The assays utilized were: bone marrow micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA), spermatogonia CA, sperm morphology, and sperm count in mice. Experiments were carried out at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% (v/v; leachate: distilled water) of leachate samples. MN analysis showed a concentration-dependent induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) across the treatment groups. In the CA tests (bone marrow and spermatogonia), there was concentration-dependent significant reduction in mitotic index and induction of different types of CA. Assessment of sperm shape showed a significant increase in sperm abnormalities with significant decrease in mean sperm count in treated groups. Heavy metals analyzed in the tested samples are believed to contribute significantly to the observed genetic damage. This indicates that e-waste contains potential genotoxic agents; and constitutes a genetic risk in exposed human population.     

广西近岸海域麻痹性贝类毒素分析

通过对近年来广西近岸海域贝类样品的麻痹性贝毒素小白鼠生物法和高效液相色谱法检测结果的分析,表明广西近岸海域多处地区和多种生物含有麻痹性贝毒素;4～5月及7～11月为两个毒性值的年高峰期;GTX4、GTX5和GTX3毒素成分的检出率较高等。     

溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制

研究离子液体溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([C₁₄mim]Br)对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制。实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(1/16 LD₅₀、1/8 LD₅₀、1/4 LD₅₀)和1个空白对照组,考察昆明种小鼠染毒14 d后,[C₁₄mim]Br对小鼠血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化产物的影响,并观察肝脏组织的病理变化。与对照组相比,小鼠染毒后,血清中ALT、AST、DBIL和γ-GT明显升高;肝组织受到不同程度的损伤,HSI增大,蛋白质含量降低。当染毒剂量为1/4 LD₅₀时,肝脏中SOD活性和GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA的含量则明显增加。实验结果表明,[C₁₄mim]Br可损伤小鼠的肝脏功能,破坏机体的抗氧化防御系统,造成氧化损伤和脂质过氧化。     

城市河涌水对C57BL/6J小鼠生殖和发育的影响

前期研究发现广州市周边小型企业集中点和生活区下游河涌水样中存在较高浓度的AhR激活物污染.为考察河涌水中是否存在对生殖和发育产生影响的TCDD类似物,本研究以检出河涌水样激活物平均值标准品TCDD做阳性对照,C57BL/6J雌性小鼠为模型进行了三代生殖毒性实验,了解长期暴露对动物生殖和发育产生的毒性影响.成年雌性小鼠4...